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primus stove
The Primus stove, the first pressurized-burner kerosene (paraffin) stove, was developed in 1892 by Frans Wilhelm Lindqvist, a factory mechanic in Stockholm. The stove was based on the design of the hand-held blowtorch; Lindqvist’s patent covered the burner, which was turned upward on the stove instead of outward as on the blowtorch.〔Swedish Patent No. 3944 (Nov. 19, 1892)〕 The same year, Lindqvist partnered with and established J.V. Svenson’s Kerosene Stove Factory for manufacturing the new stoves which were sold under the name Primus.〔 〕 The first model was the No.1 stove, which was quickly followed by a number of similarly-designed stoves of different models and sizes.〔 Primus Catalog No. 2 (Sept. 1, 1897)〕 Shortly thereafter, B.A. Hjorth & Co. (later Bahco), a tool and engineering firm begun in Stockholm in 1889, acquired the exclusive rights to sell the Primus stove.〔 A. Room, “Dictionary of Trade Name Origins,” p.142 (NTC Business Books 2d Ed. 1991)〕
The efficient Primus stove quickly earned a reputation as a reliable and durable stove in everyday use, and it performed especially well under adverse conditions: it was the stove of choice for Fridtjof Nansen's North Pole attempt, Roald Amundsen’s expedition to the South Pole〔 R. Amundsen, “The South Pole: An Account of the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition in the “Fram,”1910-1912,” Vol. 1, p.63 (Kessinger Publishing 2004)〕 and Richard Byrd’s to the North Pole.〔 L. Rose, “Explorer: the life of Richard E. Byrd,” p.88 (University of Missouri Press 2008)〕 Primus stoves also accompanied George Mallory's ill-fated expedition to Mount Everst in 1924〔 R. Messner, “The Second Death of George Mallory: The Enigma and Spirit of Mount Everest,” p.58” (Macmillan 2002)〕 as well as Tenzing and Hillary's successful one in 1953.〔 E. Hillary, “View from the Summit,” p.2 (Simon & Schuster 2000)〕 While many other companies also made portable stoves of a similar design to the Primus, this style is often generically referred to as a “Primus” stove, regardless of the manufacturer.〔 H. Manning, “Backpacking, One Step at a Time,” p.274 (Vintage Books 1980)〕
==Construction==
The Primus No. 1 stove, made of brass, consists of a fuel tank at the base, above which is a "rising tube" and the burner assembly. A steel top ring on which to set a pot is held above the burner by three support legs. Other Primus-style stoves may be larger or smaller, but have the same basic design. The No. 1 stove weighs about 2½ pounds, and measures about 8½ inches high with an overall diameter of just under 7 inches. The tank, about 3½ inches high, holds a little over two pints of kerosene and will burn for about four hours on a full tank.〔 Primus Catalog No. 17100E, p.2 (1971)〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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